A new and highly unusual submarine has been spotted at a major Chinese shipyard in Shanghai, attracting the attention of military analysts around the world. The vessel’s most notable feature is the absence of a traditional sail (conning tower), a design element long considered standard on modern submarines.
Satellite imagery captured on June 1 at Jiangnan Shipyard revealed a large submarine estimated to be around 120 meters in length and 10–11 meters in width. These dimensions exceed those of many conventional diesel-electric submarines and even rival some nuclear-powered attack submarines.
Experts believe that the sail-less design could significantly improve the submarine’s hydrodynamic efficiency. By reducing drag, the vessel may achieve higher underwater speeds, better maneuverability, and lower acoustic signatures, making it more difficult to detect.
The images also appear to show X-shaped control surfaces and what may be a pump-jet propulsion system, a technology commonly associated with advanced submarines due to its quieter operation and improved efficiency compared to traditional propellers.
According to Rear Admiral Mike Brooks, Director of Naval Intelligence for the U.S. Navy, China is making a significant transition from diesel-electric submarine construction toward a predominantly nuclear-powered submarine fleet. He noted that the quality and sophistication of China’s latest submarine programs are rapidly approaching those of leading naval powers.
This is not the first time an unconventional submarine has been observed at the same shipyard. In 2018, a smaller sail-less submarine approximately 45 meters long was launched there. Later, in 2024, Chinese state-owned shipbuilding giant CSSC unveiled a concept model of a large unmanned underwater vehicle featuring a similar design.
The exact purpose of the newly discovered submarine remains unknown. Analysts suggest it could be a next-generation nuclear attack submarine, a high-speed interception platform, or even a vessel incorporating advanced autonomous capabilities. Some experts also believe it may be linked to China’s ongoing efforts to develop large unmanned underwater systems.
The appearance of this unique submarine highlights China’s determination to modernize its naval forces and develop cutting-edge technologies aimed at improving stealth, speed, and combat effectiveness beneath the surface.
