The modern fleet is increasingly moving away from traditional rudder systems in favor of more maneuverable and energy-efficient solutions. One such innovation is the azimuth thruster — a propulsion system that combines the functions of both a propeller and a rudder. In this article, we’ll explore how it works, where it’s used, and why it’s considered the future of ship propulsion.
What is an Azimuth Thruster?
An azimuth thruster is a propeller mounted on a steerable pod that can rotate 360 degrees horizontally. Unlike traditional fixed-shaft propellers, an azimuth thruster allows thrust to be directed in any direction, providing unmatched maneuverability.
🔧 There are two main types:
• Pulling type — the propeller is mounted in front and pulls the vessel
• Pushing type — the traditional configuration where the propeller pushes from behind
When and Where Did It Appear?
The concept of azimuthal propulsion appeared in the early 20th century, but large-scale implementation began in the 1950s. Tugboats and harbor service vessels were the first to adopt the technology due to their need for precise maneuverability.
One of the pioneering companies was Schottel (Germany), which developed the Schottel Rudderpropeller (SRP) — a predecessor to today’s azimuth thrusters.
Where Is It Used Today?
Azimuth thrusters are used across a wide variety of vessels:
• Tugboats and harbor craft
• Offshore vessels (DP platforms, PSV, AHTS)
• Cruise ships (for smooth operation and reduced vibrations)
• Icebreakers (can move efficiently in any direction)
• Double-ended ferries
• Naval ships (for fast turning and stealth movement)
Advantages of the Technology:
• Extreme maneuverability — allows sideways motion and rotation on the spot
• No need for a traditional rudder
• Simplified hull design
• Better station-keeping for DP systems
• Lower vibration and mechanical wear
Interesting Fact:
One of the largest passenger vessels equipped with azimuth thrusters is Oasis of the Seas (Royal Caribbean). It features three Azipods, each rated at 20 MW, built by ABB Marine, providing superb control for a ship measuring 362 meters long.
Future Potential:
With the shift toward electric propulsion, azimuth thrusters are gaining momentum. Electric azipods — where the motor is integrated inside the pod — reduce transmission losses and improve efficiency and sustainability.
This technology also plays a key role in the development of autonomous and unmanned vessels, where precise automated navigation is essential.
Conclusion:
The azimuth thruster is more than just a propulsion solution — it’s a revolution in ship control. Its versatility, efficiency, and precision continue to drive its adoption across the maritime industry, from small tugs to ocean giants. As marine technology advances, azimuth systems will be at the heart of greener, smarter, and more flexible ships.
